Casteism- not a part of Hinduism

Casteism: A Twisted Version of Hinduism's True Principles

Casteism is often misunderstood as an inherent part of Hinduism, but it is, in fact, a corrupted and distorted interpretation of the ancient Indian varna system. True Hindu teachings do not advocate for the discrimination and divisions that are often associated with caste-based practices today. To understand why casteism is not a part of authentic Hinduism, we must first examine the core philosophy behind the varna system and how it evolved over time.

The True Concept of the Varna System

The varna system was originally meant to categorize individuals based on their qualities (gunas) and actions (karmas), rather than on their birth. This system is clearly described in ancient Hindu texts such as the Vedas and Bhagavad Gita. The varna system was fluid and merit-based, not rigid or inherited. Each individual’s role in society was determined by their abilities and contributions, not by the family or social group they were born into.

In Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 4, Verse 13, Lord Krishna himself states:

चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागश:|
तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम् ||

“The fourfold division of society (varna) has been created by me based on the division of labor according to the qualities and actions (gunas and karmas). You should understand that I am the ultimate doer, though the work is done by the individuals according to their respective qualities.”

This verse makes it clear that the varna system is based on individual qualities and actions, not on birth. The Brahmins were those who excelled in knowledge and teaching, Kshatriyas in defense and governance, Vaishyas in trade and agriculture, and Shudras in service and labor. It was about what a person did, not where they came from.

How Did Casteism Emerge?

Over time, the varna system became distorted, and a rigid, hereditary caste system (known as jati) emerged. This shift was not due to any intrinsic Hindu philosophy but was largely influenced by external historical factors. Several invasions and political upheavals took place throughout Indian history, and social hierarchies became entrenched as a result of various social, economic, and political pressures. The rise of feudalism, for example, led to the categorization of people by their birth into particular groups, rather than their actual qualities or capabilities.

The Manusmriti, often misquoted as a Hindu "scripture" supporting caste-based discrimination, has been widely misunderstood and misinterpreted. While the text does mention social duties, its interpretation as a rigid caste system is a result of later distortions. The Manusmriti is a smriti (a text of human origin, not divinely revealed like the Vedas), and it reflects the societal norms of a specific period in history. The misunderstanding of this text led to the burning of the Manusmriti, an act driven by misinterpretation and ignorance of the nuanced messages of Hinduism.

Equality in Hinduism: The Teachings of the Vedas and Upanishads

At the core of Hinduism’s teachings is the notion of spiritual equality. The Vedas and Upanishads emphasize the oneness of all souls, regardless of their earthly roles. According to the Upanishads, the Atman (soul) is the same in all beings:

“सर्वं खल्विदं ब्रह्म”
(“All that is here is Brahman”) – Chandogya Upanishad, 3.14.1

This idea of the universal oneness of all beings contradicts any notion of spiritual or intrinsic superiority based on birth. The idea that one’s worth is determined by their soul, not their birth, is central to Hindu philosophy.

Furthermore, in the Bhagavad Gita (Chapter 9, Verse 22), Lord Krishna explains that those who dedicate themselves to spiritual knowledge and devotion are close to God, regardless of their social standing:

“To those who are constantly devoted and who remember me with love, I give the understanding by which they can come to me.”
- Bhagavad Gita 9.22

This teaching points to the fact that true spirituality transcends any societal classification. No individual is inherently better or worse based on their birth; they are valued by their commitment to higher principles and selfless action.

Casteism vs. Dharma: Hinduism's True Ethical Framework

Hinduism is founded upon the principle of dharma, which refers to the righteous path, one’s ethical duty, and moral responsibility. Dharma is not fixed based on birth; rather, it is based on a person’s actions and choices. The concept of karma also reinforces this: the consequences of a person’s actions determine their spiritual growth, not their caste or social status.

Consider the examples of revered figures like Valmiki, a renowned author of the Ramayana, who was born into a lower-caste family but became a great sage through his devotion and knowledge. Similarly, Eklavya, despite being a "tribal" boy, became an expert archer and earned the respect of his teachers and peers based on his dedication and skills.

The true Hindu ethos advocates for equality and unity. Hinduism’s sacred texts, including the Vedas, Upanishads, and Bhagavad Gita, all teach that all individuals, regardless of their birth or caste, possess the same divine essence and potential for spiritual growth.

Real-Life Examples of Caste and Class Reformation in Hinduism

History also offers numerous examples of reformers and leaders who challenged caste-based practices within Hinduism:

• Swami Vivekananda spoke passionately against the exploitation and division of society based on caste, emphasizing that true spirituality lies in the unity of all people.

• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, a champion for the rights of the oppressed, not only criticized the caste system but also converted to Buddhism, urging people to reject caste-based discrimination and embrace equality.

• Mahatma Gandhi, a leader of India’s independence movement, led a fight against untouchability, calling those at the lowest levels of the caste hierarchy Harijans (Children of God) and advocating for their rights.

Conclusion: Casteism and Its Dangers in Modern Times

It is essential to recognize that casteism—as we see it today—has no basis in the true teachings of Hinduism. The core principles of Hinduism emphasize spiritual equality, the unity of all beings, and the potential for every individual to attain the highest spiritual goals through their actions and choices.

The rise of caste-based discrimination is a social distortion that was never supported by Hinduism’s original scriptures. It is a product of historical, social, and political factors, not a reflection of the true spiritual teachings of Hinduism. Casteism should be rejected in its entirety as it contradicts the very soul of Hinduism—which is rooted in the oneness of all beings and the pursuit of spiritual liberation.

We must also acknowledge that Hinduism is not monolithic, and there are many voices within the religion that have continuously fought against caste-based discrimination. In today’s world, it is essential that we return to the roots of Hindu philosophy—embracing its true message of equality, unity, and spiritual freedom.